CONTABLE & UNCONTABLE
¿Qué es un
sustantivo contable? Countable nouns
Decimos que un
sustantivo (cosa) es contable cuando lo podemos contar.
Por ejemplo: “a car”, un coche, “a house” una
casa, “an earring“un pendiente/zarcillo.
¿Qué es un sustantivo incontable ? Uncountable
noun.
Cuando no podemos
contar una cosa, decimos que es un sustantivo incontable.
Por ejemplo: water,
agua, money, dinero, butter, mantequilla, etc.
*** En si los sustantivos contables son
aquellos que puedes contar (poner un numero antes del sustantivo: una mesa pero
no una agua Todos los liquidos como agua, leche, cerveza, vino son
no contables (EN ESPAÑOL PUEDE SER DISTINTO). Tambien las carnes son
no contables como pollo, pescado etc.
TABLE
USING THERE IS / ARE WITH
COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
|
||
Countable
|
Uncountable
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
One form
|
(+)There is a chair.
|
There are some chairs.
|
There is some water
|
(-) There
isn’t a table.
|
There aren’t any tables.
|
There isn’t any cheese.
|
(?) Is there a bathroom?
|
Are there any bathrooms?
|
Is there any coffee?
|
Conclusions from the table:
• With countable nouns we have two forms: singular and plural and when
we refer to uncountable nouns we only use one form.
• When we use the singular form with countable nouns we use a/an and with plurals we use some/any.
• With the uncountable nouns we do not use a/an and we can use some/any
• With countable nouns some/any means “an indefinite number”
• With uncountable nouns some/any means “a portion of”
• When we use the singular form with countable nouns we use a/an and with plurals we use some/any.
• With the uncountable nouns we do not use a/an and we can use some/any
• With countable nouns some/any means “an indefinite number”
• With uncountable nouns some/any means “a portion of”
Conclusiones:
Como vemos cuando
un sustantivo es contable hay dos formas: singular y plural pero con los no
constables solo hay una forma. Nunca usen la forma plural cuando usen los no contables.
También cabe resaltar que cuando usamos el some /any con loscontables significa algunos/algunas o en negativo
ningun pero cuando se usa con los no contables quiere decir algo de. Veamos:
There are some books on the table. (Hay algunos libros)
There aren’t any books. (No hay ningun lbro) Ojo que en español se usa la forma singular de libro pero en inglés no.
Are there any books? (Hay algún libro)
There is milk. (Hay algo de leche)
There isn’t any milk. (No hay nada de leche)
Is there any milk? (Hay algo de leche?)
There aren’t any books. (No hay ningun lbro) Ojo que en español se usa la forma singular de libro pero en inglés no.
Are there any books? (Hay algún libro)
There is milk. (Hay algo de leche)
There isn’t any milk. (No hay nada de leche)
Is there any milk? (Hay algo de leche?)
Contable
|
Incontable
|
Ambos
|
Ejemplos:
|
|
Many (muchos)/as
|
X
|
How many days are you staying ? ¿Cuántos días te quedas?“Days” contables.
|
||
Much (mucho/a)
|
X
|
How much money do you want?
¿Cuánto dinero quieres? “Money “es incontable.
|
||
Few (pocos/as)
|
X
|
He is a man of few words.
“Él es un hombre de pocas
palabras.” “Words” es
contable.
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||
Little (poco/a)
|
X
|
They have littleknowledge.
“Ellos/as tienen pocos conocimientos. “Knowledge” es incontable.
|
||
(*)A lot (s
) (of) (mucho/s/as)
|
X
|
He has a lot of money
. Él tiene mucho dinero. “Money” es incontable.
They have lots ofcars. Ellos/as
tienen muchos coches. “Cars”es contable.
|
SOME/ANY
Some and any are two quantifiers that we
are going to indicate a quantity not accurate. Both words can go
interchangeably with substantive accounting and countless.
(Some y any son dos cuantificadores que nos van a indicar
una cantidad no precisa. Ambas palabras pueden ir indistintamente con sustantivos contables e incontables.)
-How
do you form?
- Some are mainly used in affirmative
sentences: (Some se usa principalmente
en oraciones afirmativas)
He has got
some books. --- El tiene algunos libros.
She wants some help. --- Ella quiere algo de ayuda.
Some can also be used with interrogatives
prayers ONLY! With two specific conditions
(Some tambien puede ser usado con oraciones interrogativas ¡SÓLO!
con dos condiciones particulares)
• Cuando hacemos una pregunta de la que sabemos su
respuesta:
Is there some
milk in the fridge?---¿Hay algo de leche en la nevera?
(creemos que sí)
Did he give
you some cake?--- ¿Te dio algo de pastel? (sabemos que sí
le dio)
Cuando la oración interrogativa
no se utiliza para preguntar por algo, sino para pedir
algo o hacer un ofrecimiento:
•Would you like some cake? --- ¿Quieres
un poco de tarta?
Could I have some sugar please?--¿Me puede dar un poco de azúcar?
Why don't
books home with you?---¿you
take some Por qué no te llevas
algunos libros a casa?
- Por otra parte, any se usa principalmente en oraciones
interrogativas y negativas:
He did not give me any tea---El
no me dio nada de té
Have you got any sugar?---¿Tienes algo de azucar?
•There are some letters for you. Hay algunas cartas para tí.
•There is some sugar in the pot. Hay algo de azúcar en el recipiente.
•There is some sugar in the pot. Hay algo de azúcar en el recipiente.
•Would you like some tea? Quieres un té?
•May I have some more coffee? Podría tomar algo más de café?
•May I have some more coffee? Podría tomar algo más de café?
THERE
IS & THERE ARE
"There is"
y "There are"
quieren decir "Hay"
en español. "There is" es
singular y "There are"
es plural.
There is a book. (Hay un
libro.)*
There are books. (Hay libros.)
There are books. (Hay libros.)
*Se puede hacer una contracción de
"There is" a "There's". No se puede hacer una
contracción de "There are."
El
negativo es "There is not" y "There are not" y sus
contracciones.
There
is not a book. - There isn't a book.
There are not books. - There aren't books.
There are not books. - There aren't books.
Para formar una pregunta nada más cambiamos el orden de las
palabras.
Is there a book?
Yes, there is.
No, there isn't.
Yes, there is.
No, there isn't.
Are
there books?
Yes, there are.
No, there aren't.
Yes, there are.
No, there aren't.
-How do you form?
¿Cómo se forma?
there + are/is + rest of sentence
there + are + resto de frase
Example:
Ejemplo:
There are two women in a coffe
Hay dos mujeres en un café
-Negative: To make denials deny the verb 'to be' adding the particle
"not" after the verb or the contracted form.
Negativa: Para hacer las
negaciones negamos el verbo ‘to be’ añadiendo la partícula ‘not’ detrás del
verbo o con la forma contraída.
there +are not, aren't/is not + rest of sentence
there + aren't + resto de frase
Example:
Ejemplo:
There aren’t two women in the park
No hay dos mujeres en el parque
-Interrogative:
For the formation of questions need to invest the verb 'to be' and the word
'there'.
Interrogativa: Para la
formación de preguntas necesitamos invertir el verbo ‘to be’ y la palabra
'there'.
Are/Is + there+ rest of sentence?
Are + there + resto de frase?
There is + some (se usa para
sustantivos en singular y no contables)
There are + some (se usa para
sustantivos en plural y contables)
AFFIRMATIVE
|
NEGATIVE
|
INTERROGATIVE
|
There are two beds in
the bedroom.
|
There aren't two beds
in the bedroom.
|
Are there two beds in
the bedroom?
|
There are five cars
on the road.
|
There aren't five
cars on the road.
|
Are there five cars
on the road?
|
There are two foods
on the plate.
|
There aren't two
foods on the plate
|
Are ther two foods on
the plate?
|
There are seventeen
people in the woods.
|
There aren't
seventeen people in the woods.
|
Are there seventeen
people in the woods?
|
AFFIRMATIVE
|
NEGATIVE
|
INTERROGATIVE
|
There is a bank in
this corner
|
There is not a bank
in this corner
|
Is there not a bank
in this corner
|
There is a child in
the street
|
There is not a child
in the street
|
Is there not a child
in the street
|
There is a necklace
in her hand
|
There is not a
necklace in her hand
|
Is there not a
necklace in her hand
|
There is a house
white next to my house
|
There is not a house
white next to my house
|
Is there not a house
white next to my house
|
A & AN
* `A´ y `an´ se emplean solo con sustantivos contables en el singular.
Utilizamos `a´ delante de sonidos consonantes y `an´ delante de sonidos
vocales.
a pen
an orange
a university
an umbrella
a chair
an apple
a house
an hour (la hache es muda)
EXERCISES
1) Elige ‘a’, ‘an’,
‘the’ o nada para completar las oraciones.
1- There is _____ carrot.
2- Here are _____ onions.
3- Bring me _____ bread.
4- There is _____ apple in the fridge.
5- _____ oranges come from trees.
6- _____ milk is white.
2) Decide si los
siguientes sustantivos son contables o incontables:
1-The
water I drank was
not O.K.
2-Bring me here this loaf of bread!
3-I want to eat some mushrooms
4-The
cake is ready
5-The
milk is on the
table
- select a / an, some y any
1. Lisa´s got a / an towel.
2. Ana´s got a / some rucksack.
3. Lucía’s got an / some insect repellent.
4. Javi hasn´t got some / any sunglasses.
5. Antonio´s got a / some swimming costume.
6. Ignacio hasn´t got any / some sandwiches.
7. Angeles has got an / a apple.
8. There aren´t any / some cafés in the city.
9. I haven´t got any / some money.
10. Have you got some / any sun cream?
11. We´ve got some / any sandwiches.
12. We need a / an torch for our camping trip.
13. There isn´t some / any litter on the beach.
14. I´m going to buy any / an ice cream.
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